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21.
Compositional evolution of the Archean mafic-ultramafic volcanics is considered in comparison with evolution of the Paleoproterozoic volcanism using available data on the Baltic shield, Pilbara (Australia) and Superior (Canada) cratons, and the Isua greenstone belt (Greenland). The Archean volcanics of mantle origin are of two major types, represented (a) by komatiite-basaltic complexes (komatiites, komatiitic and tholeiitic basalts) and (b) by geochemical analogs of boninites (GAB) and siliceous high-Mg series (SHMS) of volcanic rocks. As is established, the komatiitic and GAB volcanism ceased in the terminal Archean, whereas the SHMS rocks prevailed in the Paleoproterozoic to become extinct about 2 Ga ago in connection with transition to the Phanerozoic type of tectonomagmatic activity. Geochemical trends of mafic-ultramafic associations occurring in the considered cratons are not uniform, being of particular character to certain extent. With transition from the Paleo- to Neoarchean, rock associations of both types reveal a minor increase in Ti and Fe contents. Comparatively high Fe2O3tot TiO2, and P2O5 concentrations (maximal ones in the Archean), which are characteristic of the Neoarchean (2.75–2.70 Ga) basalts from the Superior and Pilbara cratons or the Baltic shield, represent a result of relatively high-Ti intracratonic magmatic activity that commenced in that period practically for the first time in the Earth history. This magmatic activity of the Neoarchean was not as intense as the high-Mg basaltic volcanism, and the absolute maximum in concentrations of the above components was attained only 2.2–1.9 Ga ago, at the time of appearance in abundance of Fe-Ti picrites and basalts typical of the Phanerozoic intraplate magmatism. The Archean volcanic complexes demonstrate gradual secular increase in concentrations of incompatible elements (LREE inclusive) and growth of Nb/Th ratio that apparently reflected the progressing influence of mantle plumes. In the early Paleoproterozoic (2.5–2.35 Ga), values of that ratio considerably declined in the SHMS rocks and then quickly grew in the Middle Paleoproterozoic volcanics (2.2–1.9 Ga) to attain finally the values typical of the Phanerozoic magmas associated in origin with mantle plumes. The ?Nd(T) parameter was decreasing with time from positive values in the Paleoarchean to negative ones in the SHMS rocks of the Paleoproterozoic most likely in response to grown proportion of ancient crustal material in magmatic melts. Since the mid-Paleoproterozoic, the ?Nd(T) values turn in general into positive again reflecting change in the character of magmatic activity: the SHMS melts gave place at that time to the Fe-Ti picrite-basaltic magmas. The primary crust of the Earth was presumably of sialic composition and originated during solidification from the bottom upward of the global magma ocean a few hundreds kilometers deep, when most fusible components migrated up to the surface to form there the granitic crust. Geological history of the Earth commenced at the appearance time of granite-greenstone terranes and granulite belts separating them, the first large tectonic structures formed under influence of raising mantle superplumes. 相似文献
22.
中国东部埃达克岩及成矿作用 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
埃达克岩(adakite)最初是指与俯冲洋壳部分熔融有关的一类高铝的中酸性侵入岩或火山岩。主要地球化学特点有:高Sr、低Y和Yb,轻重稀土元素强烈分异,不具有明显的Eu负异常,K2O/Na2O比值低。埃达克岩从发现、命名以来,一直是国际地学界关注的前沿课题之一。埃达克岩研究之所以方兴未艾,一则是其特殊的地球化学性质,二则是其成矿专属性。中国东部是目前国内发现埃达克岩最多的地区,主要为中生代侵入岩和火山岩,分布在长江中下游区、胶东地区及晋京辽区(或京冀区、东北区)。其中,长江中下游是重要的铜金多金属成矿带,胶东是重要的金矿带。目前,对中国东部埃达克岩成因的解释有四种模式:加厚古老下地壳的直接部分熔融、底侵玄武质下地壳部分熔融、拆沉下地壳部分熔融以及洋中脊俯冲。埃达克岩与铜金成矿的机制目前的研究还不是很透彻。一般认为埃达克质岩浆富流体、高氧逸度和基性源岩,这些特点均有利于Cu、Au等深源金属元素的萃取与富集成矿。 相似文献
23.
辽西彰武大四家子地区中生代火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过对辽西彰武县以东大四家子乡高城窝堡村义县组标准剖面中生代火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明, 其火山岩年龄为122.4±0.4Ma, 属早白垩世.对该区域23件典型火山岩样品的地球化学研究表明, 除3件流纹岩样品外, 其余样品具有高镁埃达克岩地球化学特征(SiO2=56.46%~65.14%、Al2O3=14.60%~17.19%、Mg#=50~59、Sr=501~700μg/g、Yb=1.04~1.54μg/g、Y=12.0~17.5μg/g、Eu/Eu*=0.85~0.97、Sr/Y=29~46、LaN/YbN=13~28), 同位素上具有高的初始87Sr/86Sr(0.705464~0.705812)比值, 低的εNd(122Ma)(-6.12~-12.80)值特征, 同时样品中存在具有反环带的辉石斑晶, 辉石中稀土元素含量分布存在着从核部到边部逐渐降低的趋势, 且存在负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0.64~0.76).结合前人对彰武义县组下部火山岩的研究, 笔者倾向认为该套火山岩的成因是拆沉作用与岩浆混合作用共同作用的结果, 即拆沉作用导致软流圈地幔物质上涌加热下地壳形成的长英质岩浆, 与来自地幔由拆沉作用形成的埃达克质高镁安山岩浆混合形成. 相似文献
24.
Abstract Geochemical characteristics of rhyolites from the Miocene Setouchi volcanic belt in the Southwest Japan arc were examined. The following observations may be best explained by the derivation of rhyolite magmas by melting of subducting sediments as follows. (i) Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions of Setouchi rhyolites are close to those of the local trench-fill sediments; (ii) major element compositions of rhyolites are identical to those of experimentally produced sediment melts; and (iii) concentrations of incompatible elements in rhyolites are consistent with partial melting of the local trench-fill sediments in the presence of residual garnet. Furthermore, trace element and isotope signatures of Setouchi high-Mg andesites can be also rationalized by interaction of such rhyolitic sediment melts with overlying mantle peridotites. 相似文献
25.
Newly discovered Late Cretaceous adakites in South Fujian Province: Implications for the late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of Southeast China 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Yongchun pluton is a Late Cretaceous adakitic intrusion in South Fujian Province, Southeast China, with associated metal mineralization. An understanding of the Yongchun pluton is helpful in tectono‐magmatic evolutionary processes, and is important in explaining the origin of related porphyry‐type deposits. Zircons from three samples of the pluton were analyzed by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS), yielding U–Pb ages of 99.50 ±0.87 Ma, 97.74 ±0.59 Ma, and 99.65 ±0.92 Ma. These ages are similar to those of the Sifang, Luoboling, and Sukeng plutons, all of which are related to Cu–Pb–Zn–Mo mineralization within the study area. The Yongchun pluton comprises high‐potassium, calc‐alkaline, metaluminous rocks, with average A/CNK values of 0.91, 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.705 51 to 0.706 83, εNd(t) values of ?4.63 to ?5.90, and two‐stage Nd model (T2DM) ages of 1.49–1.39 Ga, indicating the magmas were generated by partial melting of Mesoproterozoic continental crust mixed with mantle‐derived magmas. The pluton has geochemical characteristics typical of adakites, such as a high Sr content (average 553 ppm), and low Y (average 15.2 ppm) and Yb (average 1.61 ppm) contents, indicating that the parental magma was formed under high‐pressure conditions. The magmatism was associated with thickening of the lower crust during a change in subduction angle and convergence rate of the paleo‐Pacific Plate at 100 Ma. The compression was limited to South Fujian Province. 相似文献
26.
内蒙古林西早中生代O型高镁埃达克质安山岩的发现及其意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对内蒙古林西地区火山岩样品的地球化学研究表明,其具有大洋型(O型)高镁埃达克质安山岩的地球化学特征[w(SiO2)=57.89%～63.97%、w(Al2O3)=15.39%～16.17%、w(Na2O)/w(K2O)=1.5～2.2(除一个为0.9)、A/CNK=0.83～0.97、Mg#=49～64、w(Cr)=91～209μg/g、w(Ni)=52.2～111.4μg/g、w(Sr)=551～1018μg/g、w(Yb)=1.18～1.71μg/g、w(Y)=12.6～17.7μg/g、δ(Eu)=0.86～0.94]。利用LA-ICP-MS对其锆石进行了U-Pb定年,得到206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(244±2)Ma(MSWD=0.36)。此时,区域内古亚洲洋已闭合,综合地球化学特征和区域地质环境说明,林西高镁埃达克质安山岩是由残余洋壳部分熔融并随后与地幔橄榄岩相互作用形成的。内蒙古林西早中生代高镁埃达克质安山岩的产出表明,洋壳来源的埃达克岩(O型埃达克岩)不仅可以随俯冲同时产生,而且也可以在非俯冲环境下由保存在古俯冲带地幔中的残余洋壳部分熔融产生。 相似文献
27.
鲁西中生代高镁闪长岩的地球化学特征及其成因探讨 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
鲁西中生代侵入岩包括辉长岩,闪长岩,花岗闪长岩和花岗岩,以闪长岩最为常见。莱芜和沂南等地的闪长岩具有高Mg#(0.45～0.69),Cr(<278μg/g)的特点,并富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和亏损高场强元素(HFSE),其总体成分特点类似于北美苏必利尔省的太古代高镁闪长岩和产于现代俯冲带的高镁安山岩。不过鲁西高镁闪长岩的HREE含量相对较高(Yb=1.1～1.9μg/g),La/Yb比值相对较低(6.7～20),其成分更接近于Piip型高镁安山岩。鲁西高镁闪长岩代表了华北地台早期拉张环境下的岩浆活动,可能是受深俯冲扬子大陆下地壳释放的埃达克质熔体交代的岩石圈地幔直接熔融的产物。 相似文献
28.
Sebastien Jego René C. Maury Mireille Polvé Graciano P. Yumul Jr. Herve Bellon Rodolfo A. Tamayo Jr. Joseph Cotten 《Resource Geology》2005,55(3):163-188
Abstract. We have identified in the Philippine Archipelago 230 samples of Late Miocene to Quaternary intermediate and evolved magmatic rocks or glasses, the compositions of which plot within the adakitic field defined by Defant and Drum-mond (1990) using Sr/Y ratios versus Y contents. These rocks belong to four different subductions, along the Manila Trench (Batan, Northern Luzon, Central Luzon), the Negros and Sulu Trenches (Negros and Western Mindano), the Cotobato Trench (Southern Mindanao) and the Philippine Trench (Eastern Mindanao). Lavas from Central Mindanao overlie the deep remnants of the Molucca Sea Plate, and were emplaced in a post-collision setting.
All these samples show a significant depletion in Y and HREE with respect to their "normal" calc-alkaline equivalents, suggesting that garnet was either a residual phase during partial melting or a fractionating mineral during differentiation or assimilation coupled with fractional crystallisation (AFC). However, only 19 samples out of our set (i.e., 8 %) display very high Sr/Y ratios (100–250). Our preferred model for the genesis of these "typical adakites" is ca. 20 % partial melting of subducted altered oceanic metabasalts converted to eclogite. This melting process could have been triggered by water from the underlying serpentinites. Most of the samples, termed "intermediate adakites", display major and trace element chemical features intermediate between those of the former group and those of normal calc-alkaline lavas. We show that magma mixing between slab-derived adakitic magmas and mafic mantle-derived melts accounts for most of the trends linking typical and intermediate adakites, although an additional contribution of mantle is required in some cases. 相似文献
All these samples show a significant depletion in Y and HREE with respect to their "normal" calc-alkaline equivalents, suggesting that garnet was either a residual phase during partial melting or a fractionating mineral during differentiation or assimilation coupled with fractional crystallisation (AFC). However, only 19 samples out of our set (i.e., 8 %) display very high Sr/Y ratios (100–250). Our preferred model for the genesis of these "typical adakites" is ca. 20 % partial melting of subducted altered oceanic metabasalts converted to eclogite. This melting process could have been triggered by water from the underlying serpentinites. Most of the samples, termed "intermediate adakites", display major and trace element chemical features intermediate between those of the former group and those of normal calc-alkaline lavas. We show that magma mixing between slab-derived adakitic magmas and mafic mantle-derived melts accounts for most of the trends linking typical and intermediate adakites, although an additional contribution of mantle is required in some cases. 相似文献
29.
俯冲带复杂的壳幔相互作用 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
俯冲带除俯冲板片脱水形成的富大离子亲石元素流体、交代地幔楔形成的岛弧钙碱性玄武岩安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩及相应侵入岩组合外，还存在由俯冲扳片熔融形成的埃达克质熔体交代地慢楔形成的埃达克岩-富铌玄武岩-富镁安山岩组合，从而构成了俯冲带的流体交代与熔体交代两大类壳慢相互作用体系及相应的岩石组合。熔体交代作用的显著特点是Mg、高场强元素Nb、Ti、P等含量增加，Nd／Sr值增高，而Si、K、Na及La／Yb降低。洋壳板片或洋脊俯冲、玄武质岩浆底侵使地壳增厚，或板片断离、撕裂等作用均可产生埃达克质熔体并随之产生熔体交代作用。流体和熔体与地幔橄揽岩的相互作用构成了俯冲带复杂的地球化学体系。 相似文献
30.
基于青海省刚察地区1：5万电泵站等4幅区调项目,在拉脊山蛇绿构造混杂岩带药水泉组中识别一套玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩类岩石组合,其岩相学、岩石地球化学特征与高镁安山岩相类似.岩石斑晶以斜长石和辉石为主,不含橄榄石,基质也含有大量的斜长石.岩石地球化学特征表现为K2O+Na2O含量2.55%~5.15%,Na2O > K2O,K2O含量0.22%~0.82%,为低钾;CaO含量5.31%~11.41%,TiO2含量0.27%~0.55%,变化范围较小;MgO含量为5.78%~11.06%,变化范围不大.总体具有低硅、钛、钾,高钙、镁,富钠之特征.稀土配分曲线为右倾斜状,多呈铕正异常,为轻稀土富集型.微量元素Rb、Ba、Th、Cr、Ni等变化幅度大,反映岩浆生成和演化过程复杂,但演变仍以部分熔融为主.选取玄武岩样品,通过LA-ICP-MS U-Pb锆石微区定年,获得了451.7±1.8 Ma年龄值,其时代为晚奥陶世.总体特征表明,刚察地区火山岩为埃达克型高镁安山岩,其构造环境为活动大陆边缘的岛弧. 相似文献